Did you know that well pumps play a huge role in bringing oil and gas to the surface?
These hardworking machines pull valuable resources from deep underground, helping power our cars, homes, and industries. Whether on land or out at sea, well pumps keep energy flowing by moving oil and gas from the ground to the surface where it can begin its journey. Without them, getting liquid oil out of the Earth would be nearly impossible.
Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCPs) are special types of pumps used to move fluids from one place to another. They are great for handling a wide range of fluids, from thin liquids to thick pastes, and can even handle fluids with solids and gases in them.
A Progressing Cavity Pump consists of two helical gears, one nested inside the other, both rotating around parallel, spaced-apart longitudinal axes. The external gear has one more thread or tooth than the internal element. Regardless of the total number of threads, the difference between the two elements must always be exactly one.
The internal element is designed so that all its threads or teeth are in constant contact with the external element. The helical pitches of the two elements are proportionate to each cross-section, with the number of teeth. The cross-sections of the helical elements consist of coupled profiles achieved by combining epicycloids and hypocycloids, whose generator circles have a diameter equal to the distance between the longitudinal axes of the two helical elements.
The helical winding of these profiles around their rotating axes creates volumes between the two elements, with a length equal to the pitch of the external gear. When the internal element rotates inside the external element, these volumes move without deformation along a helical path. If the helices of the external element extend over more than one revolution, the pump can discharge fluid under pressure or expand it without the need for a check valve. The pressure increases only after the first revolution of the external element’s helices.
This motion results in the formation of “closed cavities” between the rotor and stator, which move axially from the suction side to the discharge side. Thanks to this principle, a rotating positive displacement pump is achieved that is:
Reversible and self-priming: PCPs can work in both directions and can start pumping even when they are not full of fluid.
Does not require a check valve: They don’t need a special valve to keep the fluid moving in the right direction.
Provides a uniform flow rate without pulsation or jerk: PCPs provide a steady flow of fluid without any bumps or jerks.
Capable of conveying fluids ranging from very liquid to very pasty, even when containing solids and gas.
A Progressing Cavity Pump is essentially composed of two helical gears, one nested inside the other, both rotating around their longitudinal axes, which are parallel but spaced apart. The external gear has one more thread or tooth than the internal element. Regardless of the difference in the number of threads between the two elements, they must always differ by one unit.
The internal element is designed so that all its threads or teeth are in constant contact with the external element. The helical pitches of the two elements are proportionate to each cross-section, with the number of teeth. The cross-sections of the helical elements consist of coupled profiles achieved by combining epicycloids and hypocycloids, whose generator circles have a diameter equal to the distance between the longitudinal axes of the two helical elements.
The helical winding of these profiles around their rotating axes creates volumes between the two helical elements, with a length equal to the pitch of the external element. When the internal element rotates inside the external element, these volumes move without deformation along a helical path. If the helices of the external element extend over more than one revolution, the pump can discharge fluid under pressure or expand it without the need for a check valve. The pressure increases only after the first revolution of the external element’s helices.
This motion results in the formation of “closed cavities,” delineated by the rotor and stator, which move axially from the suction side to the discharge side. Thanks to this principle, a rotating positive displacement pump is achieved that is:
Downhole sucker rod pumps are a vital component of artificial lift systems in the oil and gas industry, designed to bring oil to the surface from deep underground when natural reservoir pressure isn’t enough. The system consists of three main components: the sucker rods, the pump, and surface equipment. The sucker rods are long, flexible steel rods that connect the surface equipment to the pump located deep in the well. As the surface equipment, typically a “horsehead” pumping unit, moves the sucker rods up and down, the motion is transferred to the downhole pump. The pump, consisting of a plunger and a valve assembly, moves oil upwards by creating a vacuum on the upward stroke and pushing the oil on the downward stroke, lifting it to the surface.
The downhole sucker rod pump operates through a continuous up-and-down motion of the sucker rods, driven by the surface pumping unit. During the upstroke, the pumping unit pulls the sucker rods up, causing the plunger inside the pump to rise and create a low-pressure area below it. This allows oil to flow into the pump through the standing valve. In the downstroke, when the pumping unit pushes the rods downward, the plunger moves down, closing the standing valve and opening the traveling valve. This action pushes the oil, which was drawn into the pump, up through the tubing to the surface. The process repeats with each cycle, ensuring a continuous flow of oil from the well to the surface.
The principle behind downhole sucker rod pumps is based on positive displacement. The pump moves a fixed volume of fluid with each stroke, making it highly efficient for lifting oil from deep wells. The key to its operation is the precise coordination between the surface pumping unit and the downhole pump, which ensures a consistent, reliable flow of oil.
Benefits of Downhole Sucker Rod Pumps:
Reliability: Known for their durability and long service life.
Versatility: Effective in a wide range of well conditions.
Efficiency: The positive displacement action ensures a steady flow of oil.
Cost-Effective: Relatively inexpensive to install and maintain compared to other artificial lift methods.
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